Parkinson’s disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement. Symptoms start gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. Tremors are common, but the disorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement.
In the early stages of Parkinson’s disease, the patient’s face may show little or no expression. Their arms may not swing when they walk. Their speech may become soft or slurred. Parkinson’s disease symptoms worsen as their condition progresses over time.
Symptoms
Symptoms generally develop slowly over the years. The progression of symptoms is often a bit different from one person to another due to the diversity of the disease. People with PD may experience:
- Tremor, mainly at rest and described as pill rolling tremor in hands. Other forms tremor are possible
- Bradykinesia
- Limb rigidity
- Gait and balance problems
- Speech changes
- Writing changes
- Loss of automatic movements
Causes
In Parkinson’s disease, certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain gradually break down or die. Many of the symptoms are due to a loss of neurons that produce a chemical messenger in the brain called dopamine.
When dopamine levels decrease, it causes abnormal brain activity, leading to symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but several factors appear to play a role, including:
- Genes
- Environmental triggers
Treatment
There is no standard treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). treatment for each person with PD is based on their symptoms.
Treatment includes medication and surgical therapy. Other treatments include lifestyle modifications, like getting more rest and exercise.
There are many medications available to treat Parkinson’s symptoms, although there is none yet that reverses the effects of the disease.
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