What is Gout?

Gout Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Gout?

Gout is a type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to severe inflammation and pain. It is often referred to as the “disease of kings” due to its historical association with overindulgence in rich foods, although it can affect anyone regardless of lifestyle.

Causes of Gout:

1. High uric acid levels in the blood, due to increased production or reduced excretion by the kidneys.

2. Consumption of purine-rich foods such as red meat, liver, seafood, and legumes.

3. Alcohol consumption, especially beer.

4. Obesity, which increases the risk of uric acid buildup.

5. Chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease.

6. Certain medications, including diuretics and low-dose aspirin.

Symptoms of Gout:

• Severe joint pain, especially in the big toe (the most common symptom).

• Swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected joint.

• Limited range of motion due to pain and inflammation.

• Sudden painful attacks, often waking the patient from sleep.

• In chronic cases, tophi (crystal deposits) may form under the skin.

Diagnosis of Gout:

Diagnosis is based on:

• Medical history and symptoms.

• Blood tests to measure uric acid levels.

• Joint fluid analysis to detect uric acid crystals.

• Imaging (X-ray or ultrasound) to rule out other joint issues.

Treatment of Gout:

1. Medication:

• Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or colchicine.

• Medications to lower uric acid levels like allopurinol or febuxostat.

• Drugs that increase uric acid excretion via the kidneys.

2. Diet and Lifestyle:

• Avoid purine-rich foods such as liver, kidney, red meat, and certain fish (like sardines).

• Drink plenty of water to help eliminate uric acid.

• Lose excess weight if overweight.

• Exercise regularly.

• Avoid alcohol and sugary drinks containing fructose.
  

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