An Arrhythmia describes an irregular heartbeat. With this condition, a person’s heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, too early, or with an irregular rhythm.
Arrhythmia occurs when the electrical signals that coordinate heartbeats are not working correctly. An irregular heartbeat may feel like a racing heart or fluttering.
Types of Arrhythmias
- Tachycardia – refers to a fast heartbeat; a resting heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute
- Bradycardia – this refers to slow heartbeat; a resting heart rate less than 60 beats a minute
Tachycardias in the Atria
- Atrial fibrillation is a rapid heart rate caused by chaotic electrical impulses in the atria. These signals result in rapid, uncoordinated, weak contractions of the atria.Atrial fibrillation is associated with serious complications such as stroke.
- Atrial flutter is similar to atrial fibrillation. The heartbeats in atrial flutter are more-organized and more-rhythmic electrical impulses than in atrial fibrillation. Atrial flutter may also lead to serious complications such as stroke.
- Supraventricular Tachycardia is a broad term that includes many forms of arrhythmia originating above the ventricles in the atria or AV node. These types of arrhythmia seem to cause sudden episodes of palpitations that begin and end abruptly.
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome a type of supraventricular tachycardia, there is an extra electrical pathway between the atria and the ventricles, which is present at birth.
Bradycardia — a slow heartbeat
Sick Sinus Syndrome – if the sinus node, which is responsible for setting the pace of the heart isn’t sending impulses properly, the heart rate may alternate between too slow and too fast. Sick sinus syndrome can also be caused by scarring near the sinus node that’s slowing, disrupting or blocking the travel of impulses.
Conductions Block – a block of the heart’s electrical pathways can occur in or near the AV node, which lies on the pathway between the atria and the ventricles. Some blocks may cause no signs or symptoms, and others may cause skipped beats or bradycardia
Noticeable Arrhythmia Symptoms
- Fluttering in the chest
- Racing heartbeat
- Slow heartbeat
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
Other Symptoms may include
- Anxiety
- Fatigue
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
- Sweating
- Fainting or near fainting
Treatment for arrhythmia is only necessary if the condition is increasing the risk of more severe arrhythmia or a complication, or if the symptoms are severe.
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